![]() 30 September 2015 A second reaction. The actions of the Kremlin are motivated by a number of calculations. One is certainly the desire to prop up the rule of its ally, Bashar al-Assad. At least since the Arab Spring, this has been one of the regime's primary motivations. A second motivation is to protect the Russian naval base at Tartus in Syria. But three other calculations are probably more significant today. The first is the price of oil. Military disturbances in the Middle East can be almost guaranteed to push the price of oil upwards, so at the very least the financial cost of any military intervention is off-set by a rise in the price of oil. Second is to spoil the growing entente between Iran and the Western powers. By allying with Iran in a joint strategy to protect the Bashar al-Assad regime, Russia is likely able to postpone the day that Iranian oil will enter the world market, an event which, when it happens, will no doubt push down oil prices yet further. And third is the refugee crisis. Putin almost certainly sees this as a means to put pressure on the EU. His military intervention in Syria will only maintain and possibly increase the flow of refugees westwards. A third reaction. As time goes by, we are increasingly seeing the externalization of methods long used by the Putin regime domestically in Russia. The regime's hold over the Russian public has always been closely related to the use of mass violence and war, backed up by the manipulation of the media. The methods used, so far successfully but with increasing desperation, to keep Russian domestic opinion in thrall are now being used on the international stage. The problem the world faces in dealing with this regime is that its actions are spurred by a sense of its own weakness, and it really has no other goal beyond its own survival. ___________________________ See 'Syria crisis: Russia "begins air strikes",' BBC, 30 September 2015 From the BBC: "What's the human cost? More than 250,000 Syrians have been killed and a million injured in four-and-a-half years of armed conflict, which began with anti-government protests before escalating into a full-scale civil war. And the survivors? More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes, four million of them abroad, as forces loyal to President Assad and those opposed to his rule battle each other - as well as jihadist militants from IS and other groups. Growing numbers of refugees are going to Europe. How has the world reacted? Regional and world powers have also been drawn into the conflict. Iran and Russia, along with Lebanon's Hezbollah movement, are propping up the Alawite-led government. Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are backing the Sunni-dominated opposition, along with the US, UK and France." |